Why does shaking a jar of mixed sand un-mix it?

Shake a cup of two colors of sand and you'd think they'd blend even better. Instead the colors split into stripes. Shaking is supposed to mix things — so why does it sometimes pull them apart? Let's grab a jar and find out.

1Two things to notice first

Grains have sizes, and shaking opens tiny gaps

You only need two ideas. Watch each one:

Grains come in sizes

A pile can be all one size, or a mix of big and small. A big bead and a tiny bead sitting next to each other are still both just grains in the pile.

Shaking opens gaps

Each shake makes the whole pile jiggle and lift for a split second. In that moment, tiny gaps open up between the grains — then everything drops back down.

2Two kinds of pile

The matched pile vs the mismatched pile

Whether shaking mixes or sorts comes down to one thing: are the grains the same size, or different?

All one size

The matched pile

No grain is smaller than the gaps, so nobody can slip past anybody. Shaking just jumbles them.

Big and small

The mismatched pile

The small grains fit through the gaps that open under the big ones — so they can trickle down where the big ones can't.

3Your turn — shake the jar

Turn the shaking up and watch the grains jiggle

Here's a jar with big coral grains and small teal grains all mixed up. Slide the shaking from gentle to hard and watch the whole pile come alive — feel how shaking just makes everything jiggle.

Shake the jarresting
STILLSHAKE HARD
big grains small grains

4Now run the real test

Same-size beads, or big-and-small? Pick one, then shake

This time you choose the grains. We'll shake your jar and a matched jar side by side, the exact same way. Pick the jar you want to test — then guess what shaking will do to it.

Guess before you shake

You shake a jar of mixed big and small beads, over and over. Do they blend together more, or sort into layers?